Command for determining my public IP?

curl ipinfo.io/ip

Reset a MySQL root password

The MySQL root password allows the root user to have full access to the MySQL database. You must have (Linux) root or (Windows) Administrator access to the Cloud Server to reset the MySQL root password.

Note: The Cloud Server (Linux) root or (Windows) Administrator account password is not the same as the MySQL password. The Cloud Server password allows access to the server. The MySQL root password allows access only to the MySQL database.

Use the following steps to reset a MySQL root password by using the command line interface.

Stop the MySQL service

(Ubuntu and Debian) Run the following command:

sudo /etc/init.d/mysql stop

(CentOS, Fedora, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux) Run the following command:

sudo /etc/init.d/mysqld stop

Start MySQL without a password

Run the following command. The ampersand (&) at the end of the command is required.

sudo mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables &

Connect to MySQL

Run the following command:

mysql -uroot

Set a new MySQL root password

Run the following command:

use mysql;

update user set password=PASSWORD("mynewpassword") where User='root';

flush privileges;

quit

Stop and start the MySQL service

(Ubuntu and Debian) Run the following commands:

sudo /etc/init.d/mysql stop
...
sudo /etc/init.d/mysql start

(CentOS, Fedora, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux) Run the following commands:

sudo /etc/init.d/mysqld stop
...
sudo /etc/init.d/mysqld start

Log in to the database

Test the new password by logging in to the database.

mysql -u root -p

You are prompted for your new password.

How to 'grep' a continuous stream?

tail -f file | grep --line-buffered my_pattern

How to install php7 (zts) + pthreads on Ubuntu 14.04

Update and Install Dependencies

apt-get update

apt-get install -y bison autoconf build-essential pkg-config git-core libltdl-dev libbz2-dev libxml2-dev libxslt1-dev libssl-dev libicu-dev libpspell-dev libenchant-dev libmcrypt-dev libpng-dev libjpeg8-dev libfreetype6-dev libmysqlclient-dev libreadline-dev libcurl4-openssl-dev

Remove any existing php7 and recreate php7 and other subdirectories

rm -rf /etc/php7

mkdir -p /etc/php7
mkdir -p /etc/php7/cli
mkdir -p /etc/php7/etc

Remove any php-src folder in your current working directory and reinstall from git branch

rm -rf php-src

git clone https://github.com/php/php-src.git --depth=1

Change directory to ext to download pthreads from git

cd php-src/ext

git clone https://github.com/krakjoe/pthreads -b master pthreads

Go back to php-src as your current working directory

cd ..

Build the php-src

./buildconf --force

Set configure options, enable zts, fpm, and other extensions applicable to your own case

CONFIGURE_STRING="--prefix=/etc/php7 --with-bz2 --with-zlib --enable-zip --disable-cgi \
   --enable-soap --enable-intl --with-mcrypt --with-openssl --with-readline --with-curl \
   --enable-ftp --enable-mysqlnd --with-mysqli=mysqlnd --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd \
   --enable-sockets --enable-pcntl --with-pspell --with-enchant --with-gettext \
   --with-gd --enable-exif --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-freetype-dir --with-xsl \
   --enable-bcmath --enable-mbstring --enable-calendar --enable-simplexml --enable-json \
   --enable-hash --enable-session --enable-xml --enable-wddx --enable-opcache \
   --with-pcre-regex --with-config-file-path=/etc/php7/cli \
   --with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php7/etc --enable-cli --enable-maintainer-zts \
   --with-tsrm-pthreads --enable-debug --enable-fpm \
   --with-fpm-user=www-data --with-fpm-group=www-data"

Run configure script and install

./configure $CONFIGURE_STRING

make && make install

Make the following helper programs executable

chmod o+x /etc/php7/bin/phpize

chmod o+x /etc/php7/bin/php-config

Now change directory to pthreads and run phpize

cd ext/pthreads*

/etc/php7/bin/phpize

Set configuration options for pthreads, but make sure enable-pthreads=shared which is the main aspect of the configuration

./configure --prefix='/etc/php7' --with-libdir='/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu' \ 
    --enable-pthreads=shared --with-php-config='/etc/php7/bin/php-config'

make && make install

FPM Installation involves copying configuration files to appropriate positions and making changes where necessary.

#back to current working directory php-src

cd ../../

#php.ini to be used by fpm-fcgi

cp -r php.ini-production /etc/php7/cli/php.ini

sed -i 's/;date.timezone =.*/date.timezone = Africa\/Lagos/' /etc/php7/cli/php.ini

cp /etc/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /etc/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf

cp /etc/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default /etc/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf

cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php7-fpm

sed -i 's/Provides:          php-fpm/Provides:          php7-fpm/' /etc/init.d/php7-fpm

sed -i 's#^php_fpm_BIN=.*#php_fpm_BIN=/usr/sbin/php7-fpm#' /etc/init.d/php7-fpm

sed -i 's#^php_fpm_CONF=.*#php_fpm_CONF=/etc/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf#' /etc/init.d/php7-fpm

sed -i 's#^php_fpm_PID=.*#php_fpm_PID=/var/run/php7-fpm.pid#' /etc/init.d/php7-fpm

Add pthreads.so to php-cli.ini, this will used by command line interface (CLI)

cp php.ini-production /etc/php7/cli/php-cli.ini

echo "extension=pthreads.so" > /etc/php7/cli/php-cli.ini

Add other extensions and link binaries

echo "zend_extension=opcache.so" >> /etc/php7/cli/php.ini

ln --symbolic /etc/php7/bin/php /usr/bin/php

ln --symbolic /etc/php7/sbin/php-fpm /usr/sbin/php7-fpm

chmod +x /etc/init.d/php7-fpm

update-rc.d php7-fpm defaults

service php7-fpm start

Make sure the following are as they are in /etc/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf

pid = /var/run/php7-fpm.pid
error_log = /var/log/php7-fpm.log
include=/etc/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf

Make sure the following are as they are in /etc/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf

user = www-data
group = www-data
listen = /var/run/php7-fpm.sock
listen.owner = www-data
listen.group = www-data
listen.mode = 0660
listen.allowed_clients = 127.0.0.1
security.limit_extensions = .php .php3 .php4 .php5 .php7

Make sure the following are as they are in /etc/php7/cli/php.ini

cgi.fix_pathinfo=1

To use with Nginx do the following in your nginx/sites-available/default

upstream php7-fpm {
    server unix:/var/run/php7-fpm.sock;
}
server {
    listen 80 default_server;
    listen [::]:80 default_server;

    root /usr/share/nginx/html;

    # Add index.php to the list if you are using PHP
    index index.html index.htm;

    server_name localhost;

    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
    }
    location ~ [^/]\.php(/|$) {
        try_files $uri =404;
        fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
        fastcgi_pass php7-fpm;
        fastcgi_index index.php;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        include fastcgi_params;
    }
}

service nginx restart

To use pthreads, remember it works via command line interface. Assuming thread.php is your parallel programming code, you can't run it in sapi/fpm mode by doing localhost/path/to/thread.php with your browser

<?php
//thread.php
    class Part extends Threaded{ public function run(){} }
    $parts = new Part();

    for($i=0;$i<4;$i++) $parts[] = $i;
?>

Instead you create a file to execute your code thread.php via command line methods like "system"

<?php
    system("php /path/to/thread.php");
?>